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[Music] this is a video about identification of the average treatment effect using the running example of a charter school attendance so heres usual identification we would have identification if the average treatment effect can be learned exactly given knowledge of the distribution of observable variables in the population and the obstacle here is that we do not observe both potential outcomes for each individual in the population we only observe one or the other so be more concrete if we think about our universe we have the people who went to the Charter School and if you remember our outcome is just the binary variable for whether or not they eventually graduate from college but we can imagine we have people up here who went to Charter School and then we have people over here who did not and so the people who in our universe did go to the Charter School using the notation of the book this is our why be so people who actually went to charter school and then people who did not their
