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Welcome to the University of Toronto advanced undergraduate physics lab quick start video on how to use a lock-in amplifier. We will start with a quick theoretical introduction and then do a couple of hands-on exercises to help you learn the basics of using a lock-in. The second exercise can also be used to test whether your lock-in is actually working in a typical experiment. A lock-in amplifier is a sensitive AC voltmeter that measures the amplitude and phase of a Fourier component of an input signal relative to a reference sinusoidal signal. It can dig tiny signals out of noise and make measurements that are otherwise almost impossible to do. It does this by multiplying together the signal and reference voltages and then averaging the result. The analog or digital electronics needed to do this are complex, but the basic underlying math is easy to understand. Consider a time varying sinusoidal signal with arbitrary amplitude, frequency and phase. The amplitude is just half the peak-