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Modeling Soot in Pulverized Coal Flames - Brigham Young University

Modeling Soot in Pulverized Coal Flames - Brigham Young University 2025

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The thesis by Alexander L. Brown presents a comprehensive model for predicting soot formation in pulverized coal flames, focusing on the development of transport equations for soot mass fraction and the incorporation of both empirical and transport-based tar predictions. The model evaluates the impact of soot on gas temperatures and NOX concentrations, demonstrating significant effects with temperature reductions of up to 300 K and NOX decreases of 250 ppm. The accuracy of predictions is closely tied to proper coal characterization and grid resolution in modeling turbulent flows. The research highlights the importance of including soot models in coal combustion simulations to enhance predictive capabilities.

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Which factors affect the soot formation in a flame?

Therefore, the soot characteristics of laminar flames are affected by many factors, such as pressure, mixing, the oxygen concentration, etc. Pressure plays a crucial role in both soot formation and oxidation.

What are the different types of soot?

Soot is a byproduct of combustion, and it can be a real challenge to clean up. There are three main types of soot residues: protein, natural, and synthetic. Each type requires a different cleaning method to effectively remove it.

What is the classification of soot?

Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties. Most broadly, the term includes all the particulate matter produced by this process, including black carbon and residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke classified as cokes or char.

Does burning coal produce soot?

Particulate matter: Better known as soot, this is the ashy grey substance in coal smoke, and is linked with chronic bronchitis, aggravated asthma, cardiovascular effects like heart attacks, and premature death.

Which flame causes soot to form?

Tall, buoyant flames with relatively lazy mixing of the fuel and air promote the formation of soot, because there is ample residence time within these flames for fuel molecules to pyrolyze and then recombine.

What is the structure of soot?

[4] The physical structure of soot freshly emitted from flames has been characterized as fractal aggregates, with radii of gyration on the order of 100400 nm, and composed of primary particles (PP) with diameters on the order of 10 50 nm.

What is soot in aviation?

Soot encompasses all primary, carbon-containing products from incomplete combustion processes in the engine. Besides the pure (optically black) carbon fraction, these products may also contain nonvolatile (gray) organic compounds (e.g., Burtscher, 1992; Bockhorn, 1994).

What are the models of soot?

The types of models are divided up into three classes: empirical, semi-empirical and detailed. Empirical models use correlations of experimental data to predict trends in soot loadings. Semi-empirical models solve rate equations that are calibrated against experimental data.