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Comparison of LFSR and CA for BIST

Comparison of LFSR and CA for BIST 2025

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The document compares two techniques for Built-In Self-Test (BIST) implementation: Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) and Cellular Automata (CA). It discusses their construction, characteristics, and suitability for test pattern generation and output response analysis. While LFSRs are compact and widely used, they have limitations in detecting certain faults. CAs offer more randomness in generated patterns and flexibility in design but come with higher area overhead. The paper concludes that CAs may serve as better alternatives to LFSRs for specific testing scenarios.

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What is the use of linear feedback shift register?

However, an LFSR with a well-chosen feedback function can produce a sequence of bits that appears random and has a very long cycle. Applications of LFSRs include generating pseudo-random numbers, pseudo-noise sequences, fast digital counters, and whitening sequences.

What are the disadvantages of LFSR?

Disadvantages of LFSR: numbers. LFSR itself is not secure as the output streams of LFSR are deterministic, knowing the current state of LFSR and the taps position make the next state predictable.

What is the function of LFSR?

LFSRs (linear feedback shift registers) provide a simple means for generating nonsequential lists of numbers quickly on microcontrollers. Generating the pseudo-random numbers only requires a right-shift operation and an XOR operation. Figure 1 shows a 5-bit LFSR.

What is the theory of LFSR?

A linear feedback shift register is a simple way to generate a sequence of pseudorandom bits by taking a register, shifting its contents by one bit, and mixing in some new data using an XOR operation.

What is the period of the LFSR?

If the feedback polynomial C ( x ) has degree n and it is irreducible over F 2 [ x ] , with being a root of C ( x ) in F 2 n , then the period of the LFSR is equal to the order of in F 2 n . Consequently, the period of an LFSR with n stages always divides 2 n 1 .

What is an example of a LFSR?

For example, in the case of a 10-bit LFSR, there are two 2-tap combinations that result in a maximal-length sequence: [2,9] and [6,9]. There are also twenty 4-tap combinations, twenty-eight 6-tap combinations, and ten 8-tap combinations that satisfy the maximal-length criteria.

What is the purpose of LFSR?

LFSRs are frequently used as pseudorandom pattern generators to generate a random number of 1s and 0s. Each output of the LFSR is multiplexed with an ASIC input and, when the device is placed in the LFSR (test) mode, the random, high-toggle-rate patterns produced are extremely good for generating high-fault coverage.

What are the feedback coefficients of LFSR?

The L coefficients c 1, , c L are elements of F q . They are called the feedback coefficients of the LFSR. An LFSR of length L over F q has the following form: The register consists of L delay cells, called stages, each containing an element of F q .

Comparison of LFSR and CA for BIST 2025

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