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Sanjay Ghemawat, Howard Gobioff, and Shun-Tak Leung

Sanjay Ghemawat, Howard Gobioff, and Shun-Tak Leung 2025

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The Google File System (GFS) is a scalable distributed file system designed to meet the data processing needs of large applications at Google. It emphasizes fault tolerance, high performance, and efficient management of large files, often exceeding traditional sizes. GFS operates on commodity hardware and incorporates features such as automatic recovery from component failures, a relaxed consistency model, and an atomic append operation for concurrent writes. The architecture includes a single master node managing metadata and multiple chunkservers storing data chunks, facilitating efficient data access and replication across the system. GFS has been successfully deployed within Google for various applications, demonstrating its ability to handle extensive workloads effectively.

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What is the difference between GFS and HDFS?

In conclusion, GFS is used only by Google for its own tasks, while HDFS is open for everyone and widely used by many companies.

Which Google whitepaper was implemented as HDFS?

MapReduce: MapReduce is a programming model developed by Google and used by both GFS and HDFS. Based on Google MapReduce white paper, Apache adopted and developed its own MapReduce model with some minor differences.

Why is single master not a bottleneck in GFS cluster?

Having a single master simplifies the GFS design and allows the master to make sophisticated decisions using global knowledge. To prevent the master from being the bottleneck, Google minimizes its involvement in reads and writes. A client never reads and writes file data through the master.

What is chunk in GFS?

Basic Role: A chunk server is a server used in a distributed file system to store and serve fixed-size pieces of data, known as chunks. Data Storage: Each chunk server holds several chunks, where each chunk is typically a fixed-size block (like 64 MB in GFS).

What are the advantages of GFS?

Advantages. GFS provides a location independent namespace. GFS spreads files data across storage servers, distributing read/writes. GFS uses commodity machines, lowering infrastructure costs.

Why is single master not bottleneck in GFS?

Separating the file system metadata (stored solely by the master) and file data (stored across chunk servers) ensures that the single master does not result in a bottleneck. The client translates the file name and byte offset into a chunk index it sends the master a request containing the file name and chunk index.

What is the architecture of a GFS cluster?

2.3 Architecture A GFS cluster consists of a single master and multiple chunkservers and is accessed by multiple clients, as shown in Figure 1. Each of these is typically a commodity Linux machine running a user-level server process.

Does Google still use GFS?

Google File System (GFS or GoogleFS, not to be confused with the GFS Linux file system) is a proprietary distributed file system developed by Google to provide efficient, reliable access to data using large clusters of commodity hardware. Google file system was replaced by Colossus in 2010.

Sanjay Ghemawat, Howard Gobioff, and Shun-Tak Leung 2025

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