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Introns always have two distinct nucleotides at either end. At the 5 end the DNA nucleotides are GT [GU in the premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA)]; at the 3 end they are AG. These nucleotides are part of the splicing sites.
Specifying the maximum intron length helps because it limits the search space for the other end of a read when it is being aligned to the genome.
Paramecium tetraurelia has the shortest known introns as its standard intron length. Sequenced introns vary between 20 and 33 nucleotides in length.
Analysis of cDNA-confirmed introns in humans shows that the vast majority of introns begin with the dinucleotide GT and end with the dinucleotide AG. This GT-AG intron class constitutes 99.24% of human introns (68).
It is generally considered that sequences with length 40 bp cannot form a complete intron and a mature intron should not be shorter than 80 bp. Account of this, introns are divided into nine groups by length. The length range and standard length of each intron group are as shown in Table 2.
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In most cases, splicing removes introns as single units from precursor mRNA transcripts. However, in some cases, especially in mRNAs with very long introns, splicing happens in steps, with part of an intron removed and then the remaining intron is spliced out in a following step.
ing to Halligan, introns are grouped into long introns and short introns by 80 bp [34]. It is generally considered that sequences with length 40 bp cannot form a complete intron and a mature intron should not be shorter than 80 bp. Account of this, introns are divided into nine groups by length.
About 80% of the exons on each chromosome are 200 bp in length. 0.01% of the introns are 20 bp in length and 10% of introns are more than 11,000 bp in length.
Intron/exon boundaries in genomic DNA are identified by comparing nucleotide sequences of genomic DNA to cDNA. Cloned genomic DNA is prepared for inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by digesting the DNA with a restriction enzyme and circularizing the restriction fragments by ligation.
On the other extreme, a 2015 study suggests that the shortest known metazoan intron length is 30 base pairs (bp) belonging to the human MST1L gene. The shortest known introns belong to the heterotrich ciliates, such as Stentor coeruleus, in which most ( 95%) introns are 15 or 16 bp long.

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