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How does amniotic fluid embolism happen

Amniotic Fluid Embolism 2025

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The document discusses Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE), a rare but serious condition occurring during or after childbirth, characterized by symptoms such as hypotension, respiratory distress, and coagulopathy. It highlights the incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and outcomes associated with AFE. The document also reviews case studies, treatment protocols including the A-OK protocol (Atropine, Ondansetron, Ketorolac), and emphasizes the need for improved understanding and management of AFE due to its high mortality rates.

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What are the odds of having an AFE?

AFE is rare. It affects 1 in every 40,000 deliveries in the United States and 1 in every 53,800 deliveries in Europe. The symptoms of AFE are similar to other complications during childbirth, like uterine rupture, placental abruption and eclampsia.

What causes amniotic fluid embolism?

Causes and risk factors Alternately, an amniotic fluid embolism may occur due to a tear in the amniotic sac, leading to the leaking fluid entering the mothers bloodstream. Another possible cause could be the death of the fetus, causing a breakup of tissue which then enters into the bloodstream.

How many people survive amniotic fluid embolism?

AFE occurs when amniotic fluid which surrounds the fetus in the enters the mothers bloodstream and triggers a severe allergic reaction that can lead to cardiovascular collapse. It has a mortality rate of 60% to 80%, with half of mothers dying within the first hour along with a 30% risk of fetal death.

What to do if a patient has amniotic fluid embolism?

Admit the patient with amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) into the intensive care unit (ICU). Treatment is supportive and includes the following: Administer oxygen to maintain normal saturation. Intubate if necessary.

Is amniotic fluid embolism treatable?

Worldwide, the estimated incidence of AFE ranges from 1 in 15,200 to 1 in 53,800 deliveries [2]. It has been deemed a leading cause of maternal mortality, with a fatality rate ranging from 11 to 43 % [3].