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Pelletier, J D , How do pediments form? - Geomorphology at Arizona

Pelletier, J D , How do pediments form? - Geomorphology at Arizona 2025

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The document presents a numerical modeling investigation into the formation of pediments, which are gently sloping bedrock erosional surfaces at the bases of mountain ranges, particularly in arid climates. The study explores the processes involved in pediment formation, including bedrock erosion, soil production, and the flexural-isostatic response of the lithosphere to erosion. It emphasizes that pediments form when conditions allow for sufficient tilting and erosion rates exceed soil production rates. The model's predictions are compared with morphometric analyses of pediments in southern Arizona, providing insights into the climatic and tectonic controls on their development.

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What are the elements of a pediment?

The pediment is often surrounded with a protruding molding called the cornice, adding visual depth to the structure. The flat, vertical surface contained within the cornice is known as the tympanum. In most Greek temples, the tympanum was decorated with elaborate, carved reliefs of gods, heroes, or even monsters.

What is the significance of the pediment?

Pediments were first used in ancient Greek temples, such as the Parthenon, where they served both structural and decorative purposes. The triangular area within the pediment, known as the tympanum, was often adorned with sculptures or reliefs depicting mythological scenes.

What are the characteristics of a pediment?

The angle of a pediments slope is generally from 0.5 to 7. Its form is slightly concave, and it is typically found at the base of hills in arid regions where rainfall is spasmodic and intense for brief periods of time. There is frequently a sharp break of slope between the pediment and the steeper hillside above it.

What does a pediment look like?

The most famous example of the Greek scheme is the Parthenon, with two tympanums filled with large groups of sculpted figures. An extreme but very influential example of the Roman style is the Pantheon, Rome, where a portico with pediment fronts a circular temple.

How are pediments formed?

Pediments are erosional surfaces. A pediment develops when sheets of running water (sheet floods) wash over it in intense rainfall events. It may be thinly covered with fluvial gravel that has washed over it from the foot of mountains produced by cliff retreat erosion.