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Study Suggests Basketball Referees Are Moderately Biased, Including

Study Suggests Basketball Referees Are Moderately Biased, Including 2025

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The document investigates referee bias in the NBA, particularly focusing on home court advantage and favoritism towards teams facing elimination. Following the 2007 scandal involving referee Tim Donaghy, who alleged widespread bias, the study analyzes statistical data from NBA playoff games between 2007 and 2011. It examines discretionary turnovers (DTOs) and non-discretionary turnovers (NTOs), along with fouls, free throws, field goal percentage, steals, and blocks. The findings suggest a significant home bias favoring home teams across all statistics analyzed, while evidence of prolonged series bias is indicated by fewer DTOs for teams facing elimination. However, no significant differences in NTOs were found for these teams, implying that referee behavior rather than player performance drives this bias.

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What are the three types of referees in basketball?

The 3-Person Officiating System consists of three different positions officials must occupy: the lead, the center, and the trail. The lead and trail position themselves on the ball side of the court which is known as the strong side.

Are referees biased in basketball?

Referees are appointed to make impartial decisions in sports competition. Yet, a wide range of biases may exist to distract referees from making correct decisions, such as biases based on race (e.g., Price and Wolfers, 2010), star status (e.g., Caudill et al., 2014), nationality (e.g., Pope and Pope, 2015), etc.

What are the 5 roles in basketball?

Today, each of the five positions is known by a unique name and number: point guard (PG) or 1, the shooting guard (SG) or 2, the small forward (SF) or 3, the power forward (PF) or 4, and the center (C) or 5 post position. Basketball positions with the numbers as they are known: 1Point guard.

How many refs are there in basketball?

These officials are commonly referred to as referees but each has a title based on position and responsibilities during the game: referee, head linesman (down judge in the NFL), line judge, umpire, back judge, side judge, and field judge.

What are the different referees in basketball?

The lead official (L) is normally along the baseline of the court. The trail official (T) takes up a position approximately level with the top of the three-point line. The center official (C) stands across the court near the free-throw line.