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Perceptual learning, motor learning, and automaticity

Perceptual learning, motor learning, and automaticity 2025

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The document reviews the relationship between perceptual learning, motor learning, and automaticity, emphasizing that human perception operates as statistical inference based on uncertain sensory inputs. It argues for a unified approach to understanding perception and learning as interconnected processes that rely on probabilistic representations of uncertainty. The authors discuss evidence from behavioral and neural studies supporting statistically optimal learning in both humans and animals, while highlighting the need for further exploration of neural mechanisms underlying these processes. They propose that spontaneous neural activity may play a crucial role in representing uncertainty and facilitating probabilistic computations in the cortex.

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How are perception and motor actions coupled in development?

This assertion also suggests a fundamental difference between motor and perceptual skillswhile motor skills require intention and knowledge of facts, perceptual skills can be learned implicitly outside of conscious awareness.

What is perception in motor development?

Perceptual motor development involves brain functions necessary to plan and make decisions from simple to more complex. Building perceptual motor skills allows children to practice these complex and unfamiliar tasks such as stepping back without looking or touching the right hand to the left knee (spatial awareness).

What is an example of learning perception?

Regarding taste and smell, a sommelier learns to distinguish subtle differences between wines. Regarding touch, the blind learn to read Braille, which is expressed as tiny patterns of raised dots that are felt with fingertips.

What are the three stages of motor learning for skill acquisition?

Unlike fundamental movement skills that form the building blocks for movement, such as hopping, jumping, running or balance, perceptual motor development connects a childrens perceptual or sensory skills (the brain) to their motor skills (the body) so they can perform a variety of movements and confidently interact

How is perception related to learning?

As infants develop increasing motor competence, they use perceptual information to inform their choices about which motor actions to take (Adolph and Joh 2007). For example, they may adjust their crawling or walking in response to the rigidity, slipperiness, or slant of surfaces (Adolph 1997).

What is an example of perceptual learning?

To this end, Fitts (1964; Fitts Posner, 1967) suggests that motor skill acquisition follows three stages: the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage.

How does perception relate to motor learning?

Perceptual learning is learning better perception skills such as differentiating two musical tones from one another or categorizations of spatial and temporal patterns relevant to real-world expertise.

What is meant by perceptual learning?

What is perceptual learning? Perceptual learning is experience-dependent enhancement of our ability to make sense of what we see, hear, feel, taste or smell. These changes are permanent or semi-permanent, as distinct from shorter-term mechanisms like sensory adaptation or habituation.

Perceptual learning, motor learning, and automaticity 2025

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