Latest Results on Direct Detection of Dark Matter WIMPs - IceCube 2025

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  2. Begin by reviewing the summary section, which outlines the current status of direct detection experiments. This will provide context for filling out any relevant fields.
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Current models suggest that dark matter makes up over a quarter of all the matter and energy in our universe and is about five times more abundant than ordinary matter. However, as dark matter is invisibleemitting no light or energyit cannot be detected using conventional sensors and detectors.
TESSERACT uses transition-edge sensors, a type of superconducting detector, that operate at around 8 millikelvin (nearly negative 460 degrees Fahrenheit). Adding even a minuscule amount of heat say, from a lightweight dark matter particle bumping into the chip and depositing some energy can trip the sensor.
Direct detection of dark matter is based upon the premise that since it is known that dark matter exists in some form, Earth must intercept some as it carves out a path through the universe. Direct detection experiments attempt to create highly sensitive systems capable of detecting these rare and weak events.
Countless theories have been proposed to explain dark matter, but the theories are useless unless a direct detection can be made. Despite being aware of dark matter for over eighty years, no direct detection has ever been made. This has led to some speculation about the validity of our current theories of gravity.
As cosmic rays collide with particles in the Earths atmosphere, air showers containing atmospheric muons and neutrinos are produced. The atmospheric neutrinos are then detected by DeepCore, a denser and smaller array of sensors in the center of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole.

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With the completion of the currently ongoing IceCube Upgrade project, which will seven more strings of sensors in the next few years, IceCube will have increased sensitivity to lower energies and, thereby, increased sensitivity to low-mass dark matter.
IceCube detects light emitted by charged particles that are produced when a single neutrino crashes into a proton or neutron inside an atom. The resulting nuclear reaction produces secondary particles traveling at high speeds (faster than light in the ice!) that give off a blue light called Cherenkov radiation.
Their findings suggest these particles could live for 10^25 to 10^26 seconds, far longer than the universes age. This breakthrough sets the most stringent limit yet for dark matters lifetime and shows how cutting-edge infrared technology can address fundamental questions in particle physics.

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