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Identification of Butternuts and Butternut Hybrids - Purdue Extension

Identification of Butternuts and Butternut Hybrids - Purdue Extension 2025

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The document provides a comprehensive guide for identifying butternut trees (Juglans cinerea) and their hybrids, emphasizing the importance of accurate identification for conservation efforts. It details the characteristics that distinguish pure butternuts from hybrids, which have become more common due to hybridization with Japanese walnuts. The publication includes descriptions of physical traits, growth habits, and potential challenges in identification, along with a key for field identification based on various traits. It aims to assist resource professionals and landowners in recognizing and managing butternuts amidst their declining populations due to disease.

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How do butternuts look?

Butternut is a medium-sized tree with alternate, pinnately compound leaves that bears large, sharply ridged and corrugated, elongated, cylindrical nuts born inside sticky green hulls that earned it the nickname lemon-nut (Rink, 1990). The nuts are a preferred food of squirrels and other wildlife.

What is the hybrid of butternut and walnut?

Butternut Hybrids Butternut can hybridize with at least two exotic species. Hybrids of butternut and Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia ) are known as Juglans x quadrangulata. They can form spontaneously but are uncommon, probably because J. x quadrangulata trees produce few fruit.

What does a butternut walnut tree look like?

The leaves are dark green, pinnately-compound measuring 10-20 inches long, and have 11 to 19 leaflets. The leaflets are 2 to 5 inches long and oblong to lanceolate. The edible fruits are tan and oval. The nuts shells can be hard to , but the nuts are sweet and oily and prized by humans and wildlife.

Does butternut produce juglone?

Similar to black walnut, the roots of butternut trees release a chemical known as juglone. Juglone (5 hydroxy-1, 4 napthoquinone) is toxic to a number of plant species.

How do I identify a butternut?

Butternut, or white walnut, is a medium-sized tree with a short trunk dividing into several ascending limbs that form an irregular or round-topped crown. Leaves are alternate, feather-compound, 1020 inches long, with sticky hairs on the leaf stalk.

Is butternut related to walnut?

Butternut (juglans cinera) is a fast growing tree closely related to and resembling Eastern black walnut (juglans nigra). The two trees can often be found growing together in rich flood plains as well as on the thinner soil of the hillsides. Butternut, aka white walnut, is a sun loving tree that grows rapidly.

Identification of Butternuts and Butternut Hybrids - Purdue Extension 2025

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