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High levels of prussic acid and nitrate can build up in drought-stressed forages - tvmdl tamu

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The document provides guidelines for livestock producers on monitoring forages during drought conditions, highlighting the risks of high levels of prussic acid and nitrate in drought-stressed plants like Johnsongrass and certain sorghum species. It emphasizes the importance of diagnostic testing to ensure animal safety and offers instructions on how to collect and submit forage samples for testing. Additionally, it advises on managing grazing practices and treating animals that may ingest toxic forages.

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Can you graze Johnson grass during a drought?

However, the answer is NO when Johnsongrass becomes stressed by drought or frost. Stress results in accumulation of prussic acid (cyanide) in the leaves, which is lethal to grazing animals. Johnsongrass may also accumulate nitrates to toxic levels in these situations, creating a dual threat.

Which annual forage is the greatest risk for prussic acid toxicity?

Sorghum, johnsongrass, and shattercane contain the greatest levels of prussic acid. Sudangrass contains approximately 40 percent less prussic acid than other sorghums; however, a sorghum x sudangrass hybrid contains a greater level of the toxic compound than sudangrass alone.

What causes high nitrates in hay?

The most common causes of high nitrate content in forage tissue are the following: High applications of nitrogen fertilizers or high soil fertility. Drought conditions. Damage to plant tissue (such as defoliation as a result of grazing or hail damage), which will stop or reduce photosynthetic activity.

What are major sources of elevated nitrates?

These foods they are naturally found in are green vegetables (such as lettuce, spinach, and broccoli) as well as root vegetables (such as carrots and beetroot). But nitrates are also added to some foods, especially cured meats, such as deli meat and bacon.

How to reduce nitrates in hay?

Delaying harvest until stress conditions have passed will help to lower nitrate levels within the crop. Excessive nitrates typically accumulate at the base of the plant; therefore, chopping or mowing the forage much higher than usual will help to reduce the amount of nitrate harvested.

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