PiRNAs Initiate an Epigenetic Memory of Nonself RNA in the C 2025

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The piRNA pathway is a germline-specific RNA silencing mechanism. The central effector complex of the pathway, called pi-RISC (piRNA-induced silencing complex) in analogy to canonical RNA interference pathways, consists of a protein from the PIWI subfamily of Argonaute nucleases, and a PlWI-interacting RNA, or piRNA.
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are 26- to 32-nt small noncoding RNAs that associate with the piwi clade of the Argonaute family of proteins and whose primary functions in mammals are associated with the silencing of transposons in the germline through de novo DNA methylation (14).
Small RNAs (SmRNAs) are indispensable in regulating eukaryotic gene expression during various stages of organisms development and under different conditions, including survival of environmental stresses that perturb the state of a cell or organism.
piRNAs bound to PIWI proteins seem to use post-transcriptional transcript destruction to silence transposons. Transposon insertions in introns can escape silencing via the piRNA pathway, suggesting that transcript destruction by piRNAs occurs after nuclear export.
Small RNAs have also been demonstrated to direct the deposition of phenotypically plastic epigenetic marks, which mediate repression under specific conditions only.

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