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AD-A21 8 502 Calcium Carbonate Scale Dissolution in Water - DTIC - dtic

AD-A21 8 502 Calcium Carbonate Scale Dissolution in Water - DTIC - dtic 2025

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The document is a technical report by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers detailing a carbon dioxide treatment system developed to dissolve calcium carbonate scale in potable water systems. The report discusses the issues caused by scale buildup, such as restricted flow and reduced heat transfer, and highlights the safety concerns associated with traditional cleaning methods. It presents a theoretical model and a computer program designed to predict the effects of carbon dioxide treatment on water's calcium carbonate dissolution characteristics, aiming to optimize treatment regimens while preventing potential pipe damage from excessive CO2.

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What is the dissolution of calcium carbonate?

Calcium carbonate can dissolve in seawater to form calcium and hydrogen carbonate ions. Several crystal structures of calcium carbonate are found in the marine environment. The most common crystal structures in the ocean are calcite and aragonite, but also ikaite occurs in cold-water environments.

How much calcium carbonate can dissolve in water?

Calcium carbonate is only slightly soluble in water. The solubility product, Ks, at 25C is 4.55 x 10~9, indicating that if equivalent concen trations of calcium and carbonate ion were formed, only 6.8 mg/1 of calcium carbonate would be soluble.

How do you dissolve calcium carbonate scales?

Acid soluble scales are the most common type of scale. Calcium carbonate, for example, is a soluble acid scale. Calcium carbonate can be removed using hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid or sulfamic acid. Other acid-soluble scales are iron carbonate, iron sulfide and iron oxide (Fe2O3).

What is the dissolution of carbonates?

Dissolution of carbonate minerals is a complex multistep process, characterized by the particular sequence of steps dependent on pH and background electrolyte concentration. Currently, available dissolution models for carbonates do not consider dependence of the surface speciation on the local surface topography.

What reaction dissolves CaCO3?

The chemical reaction for hydrochloric acid reacting with calcium carbonate is CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g). This reaction is used to dissolve calcium carbonate, as the hydrochloric acid increases the concentration of H+ ions, which decreases the solubility of calcium carbonate.

What is the calcium carbonate scale in water?

Calcium carbonate scale is the consequence of water being over-saturated with calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate saturation equilibrium is measured using the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI). Scale begins to form when the LSI is higher than +0.30 (+0.31 and above).

What is the dissolution of CaCO3 in the ocean?

Abstract. The dissolution of CaCO3 minerals in the ocean is a fundamental part of the marine alkalinity and carbon cycles. While there have been decades of work aimed at deriving the relationship between dissolution rate and mineral saturation state (a so-called rate law), no real consensus has been docHubed.

What is the equation for the dissolution of CaCO3?

Dissolution reactions are reactions that occur when a solute either in gaseous, liquid, or solid form dissolves in a solvent such as water to form a solution. In this case we are given Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) which undergoes dissolution ing to the equation; CaCO3(aq) Ca2+(aq ) + CO3 2-(aq)

AD-A21 8 502 Calcium Carbonate Scale Dissolution in Water - DTIC - dtic 2025

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