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Surface Tension-Driven Flow

Surface Tension-Driven Flow 2025

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The document outlines an educational activity focused on studying surface tension and its effects on fluid flow. It provides a hands-on experiment using shallow trays, water, liquid soap, and food coloring to demonstrate how variations in surface tension can cause currents in fluids. The activity encourages students to observe and investigate the behavior of fluids under different conditions, emphasizing the importance of surface tension in both microgravity environments and everyday applications.

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What is surface tension practical theory?

Theory. Surface of a liquid behaves like a thin flexible membrane that tries to achieve an equilibrium state (state with minimum energy). With increasing surface, the energy of the surface layer increases. The surface of the liquid hence tries to take the smallest and smoothest area.

How does surface tension affect flow?

In addition, surface tension can affect the stability of fluid interfaces. For example, in the case of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, the surface tension forces can cause the liquids to form distinct interfaces. This can affect the flow behaviour of the liquids, as well as their mixing and separation.

What is the main cause of surface tension?

The surface tension of a liquid results from an imbalance of intermolecular attractive forces, the cohesive forces between molecules: A molecule in the bulk liquid experiences cohesive forces with other molecules in all directions. A molecule at the surface of a liquid experiences only net inward cohesive forces.

What increases surface tension?

Surface tension originates from cohesive interaction Surface tension originates from the cohesive interactions transpiring between molecules within a liquid. Within the bulk of the liquid, each molecule finds itself flanked by neighboring molecules on all sides.

What drives surface tension?

Surface Tension: The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules. The cohesive forces between liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension.

What is surface tension gradient driven flow?

Marangoni flows are those driven by surface tension gradients. In general, surface tension de- pends on both the temperature and chemical composition at the interface; consequently, Marangoni flows may be generated by gradients in either temperature or chemical concentration at an interface.

Surface Tension-Driven Flow 2025

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