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A cluster randomised trial (CRT) is a randomised controlled trial in which pre-existing groups, called clusters, of individuals are randomly allocated to treatment arms. For example, clusters may be clinical practices or schools where the individuals are patients and school children, respectively.
The cluster RCT is an alternative trial design in which the study participants are randomized as entire groups or clusters rather than as individuals, as is the case with conventional RCTs.
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are prospective studies that measure the effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment. Although no study is likely on its own to prove causality, randomization reduces bias and provides a rigorous tool to examine cause-effect relationships between an intervention and outcome.
These include simple techniques such as the t-test, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fishers permutation test, which use the proportion of individuals experiencing the event in each cluster as the observation, and methods using individual data based on corrections to the 2 test.
Instead of individuals, cluster randomized trials randomize entire clusters. Examples of clusters in a health care setting include wards, hospitals or primary care clinics and, in a non-health care setting, schools or communities. Cluster randomized trials are used to evaluate diverse types of interventions.

People also ask

In some circumstances, cluster randomisation offers more logistical convenience or would be received with greater acceptability when delivered to the entire population rather than at individual level.
The traditional approach to the analysis of cluster randomized trials has been to calculate a summary measure for each cluster, such as a cluster mean or proportion. Because each cluster then provides only one data point, the data can be considered to be independent, allowing standard statistical tests to be used.