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As the sample size increases, so does the power of the significance test. This is because a larger sample size constricts the distribution of the test statistic. This means that the standard error of the distribution is reduced and the acceptance region is reduced which in turn increases the level of power.
A P value is also affected by sample size and the magnitude of effect. Generally the larger the sample size, the more likely a study will find a docHub relationship if one exists. As the sample size increases the impact of random error is reduced.
The formula for determining sample size to ensure that the test has a specified power is given below: where is the selected level of significance and Z 1- /2 is the value from the standard normal distribution holding 1- /2 below it. For example, if =0.05, then 1- /2 = 0.975 and Z=1.960.
This illustrates the general situation: Larger sample size gives larger power. The reason is essentially the same as in the example: Larger sample size gives a narrower sampling distribution, which means there is less overlap in the two sampling distributions (for null and alternate hypotheses).
Large sample sizes increase statistical power and increase the flexibility of the effect size. Statistical power will always increase with large sample sizes. Large sample sizes allow for both large and small effect sizes, regardless of limited or extensive variance in the outcome, to be detected (flexibility).

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We typically go for 80 or 90% power which mean 80% or 90% of the time, our study will correctly reject the null hypothesis. Sample size calculations are used to work out how big our study needs to be to give it a good chance of detecting the difference we think exists, if in fact that is the truth.
Like statistical significance, statistical power depends upon effect size and sample size. If the effect size of the intervention is large, it is possible to detect such an effect in smaller sample numbers, whereas a smaller effect size would require larger sample sizes.

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