Morgans norms 2025

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The document outlines various ophthalmic measurements and norms related to visual function, including assessments of eye movement, accommodation, convergence, and refractive errors. It provides detailed metrics for conditions such as phoria, near point of accommodation (NPA), and tonometry, along with guidelines for follow-up care and treatment options for different visual dysfunctions. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for eye care professionals in evaluating and managing patients' visual health.

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What is Sheard's criterion?

Sheard's criterion describes whether a phoria is likely to become decompensated (symptomatic) in reference to the opposing fusional reserves, which should be at least twice the value of the phoria.

What is accommodation insufficiency?

Accommodative insufficiency (AI) is a non-strabismic binocular vision anomaly that is characterized by an inability to focus or sustain focus for near vision. 1. AI is a sensory-motor anomaly, clinically manifesting as a reduced amplitude of accommodation compared to age-matched norms.

How is Fusional Reserve measured?

The fusional reserve that opposes the heterophoria is measured first (convergent, using base-out prisms, for exophoria), to blur point (if present), break point, and then the prism is reduced until the recovery of single vision.

What is the meaning of Fusional Reserve?

Fusional reserves are a measure of how much vergence a person has in reserve that can be used to overcome a heterophoria. The patient is instructed to fixate on a near target (usually at 33 cm) binocularly and a horizontal prism bar is placed before one eye starting with the weakest prism strength.

What causes accommodation insufficiency?

Typically, there are a few different causes of accommodative insufficiency. Children who have had poor health overall and suffered from illnesses such as a severe flu bug, glandular fever, or chronic fatigue can develop weak focus. It can also be a side effect of some medications or visual stress.

What are negative Fusional reserves?

The fusional reserves are the maximum amount the eyes can converge (positive fusional reserves, measured with base out prism) or diverge (negative fusional reserves, measured with base in prism) while still maintaining BSV. As the image doubles, the break point is reached.

What is fusional vergence ranges?

Normal Fusional Vergences DirectionFusional Vergence Range (prism dioptres)Vertical2-3Torsional2-3Convergence15-20 distance; 25 nearDivergence6-10 distance; 12 near

What is positive fusional vergence?

Positive vertical vergence is a simultaneous elevation of the right eye and depression of the left eye, compensating for a left hyperdeviation by maintaining a left hyperphoria.

Morgans norms 2025

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