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hello and welcome today we will discuss what is photoelectronic spectroscopy in particular we will see what is x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and we will see its application in the characterization of materials so photoelectronic spectroscopy is based upon photoelectric effect so it is essential to discuss photoelectric effect first when we redid some material with the electromagnetic radiation then electrons from the core are ejected these ejected electrons are called photoelectrons and the phenomena of ejection of these electrons is known as photoelectric effect photoelectric effect is represented in the form of equation like this where s nu is the energy of falling radiation phi is the work function work function is the minimum amount of energy needed to eject electron from the surface and half mv square is the kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectron so this is photoelectric effect photoelectric effect was studied in detail by einstein for that he was given nobel prize in 1921