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In this lesson, the focus is on express trusts, particularly regarding their declaration. For an express trust to be validly declared, it must be established in words or in writing, as noted in the foundational case of Ray v. Vander Waal's Trust. It's important to emphasize that the objective test is based on what a reasonable bystander would interpret, rather than the intention of the speaker. Additionally, the settlor's intention to create the trust must be clear, indicating a desire to legally bind someone else or a third party as the trustee. The case of McCormick v. Grogan is referenced to illustrate this point.