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In this tutorial, Sunny explains how the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) manages network topology changes using the proposal agreement process. He introduces the BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) Flex field, noting that it differs from the standard Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). In standard STP, only two bits are utilized for topology change and acknowledgment, whereas RSTP uses all bits in the Flex field to convey additional information, including port roles, learning, and forwarding states. Sunny emphasizes that regardless of the version, spanning tree protocols utilize BPDUs to facilitate communication between switches, enabling them to understand one another during network topology changes.