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Welcome. In this tutorial we will be constructing control charts for proportions, otherwise known as the p-chart. The p-chart is used to monitor attributes and applies to categorical or qualitative variables. They are generally used to analyze the proportions of non-conforming or defective items in a process. The centreline for the p-chart is p-bar which is found by taking the total of defective or non-conforming items and dividing it by the total number of items sampled. The upper control limit, UCL, is p-bar + 3 times square root of p-bar times q-bar divided by n-bar. The lower control limit, LCL, is similar with a minus sign. q-bar is 1 minus p-bar. That is, proportion of non-defective items. And n-bar is the average of the sample sizes. For our first example, we consider these process data consisting of the number of defective items in a sample of 200 items collected every day for 15 days. We want to calculate the control limits and determine if the process is in statistical contro
