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welcome back to the channel in today's video we'll show you how to calculate the minimum bolt diameter required to resist uplift forces let's start with a worked example we have a steel column held down by 4 grade 8.8 bolts cast into a concrete foundation and subjected to a 250 kilonewtons design uplift force how should we figure out what the minimum bolt diameter should be the design tensile capacity of a bolt is given by this equation fub is the ultimate tensile strength of a bolt the two commonly used grades are 4.6 and 8.8 grade 4.6 bolts are common mild steel and sometimes referred to as black bolts grade 8.8 bolts are higher in strength the first number refers to the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt and the second number gives a multiplier to get the yield stress for example a grade 8.8 bolt has an ultimate tensile strength of 800 newton per millimeter squared and a yield stress of 800 times 0.8 which equals 640 newton per millimeter squared a s is the bolt tension area the...