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in XPS measurement three phenomena occurring the first one is the ejection of photo electrons and this is basically we call x-ray photo electron spectroscopy the second one is x-ray Flores the third one is called OJ phenomena OJ effect or OJ electrons so letamp;#39;s differentiate between all these three these are the fundamental equation behind xray photo electron spectroscopy when we simply bombard xray on the atom the core electron ejected and those electrons are called photo electrons we are only interested in the kinetic energy of these electrons and the XPS detector basically detect these electrons the kinetic energy of these electrons so now now we know that initially this phon has this energy non energy from the xray source and it is equivalent to The Binding energy of the electron the kinetic energy of the photo electron and this is the work function of the spectrometer not the sample it is the work function of the spectrometer so when we Reign this equation so The Binding en
