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The NMDA receptor, one of two primary glutamate receptors, coexists with the AMPA receptor at synapses, particularly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. When weak electrical stimulation of the presynaptic neuron occurs, glutamate is released and binds to both receptors. Typically, this weak stimulation activates only AMPA receptors, leading to slight depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron. NMDA receptors, however, require a slightly depolarized membrane potential to function. At resting voltages, the channel remains mostly blocked by magnesium ions, which restricts ion flow, resulting in low conductance. Thus, NMDA receptors contribute differently to neuronal signaling compared to AMPA receptors.
